,三公大吃小的技巧（www.eth0808.vip）（三公大吃小）是用以太坊区块高度哈希值开奖的棋牌游戏，有别于传统三公开船（三公大吃小）棋牌游戏，三公开船（三公大吃小）绝对公平，结果绝对无法预测。三公开船（三公大吃小）由玩家PK，平台不参与。
最低工资在冻结长达4年之后，终于迎来调整。行政会议昨日通过建议，将最低工资水平由现行每小时37.5元调升至40元，增幅为6.7%，待下周三提交立法会表决后，于今年劳动节正式实施。最低工资获调整固然值得肯定，但目前的金额仍然远远脱离现实，也无法真正反映香港基层劳工所面临的压力。有关部门应积极研究，引入客观的方程式，以「一年一检」的方式，准确计算合理的最低工资。这是体现特区政府积极作为排解民生忧难的有力举措。
香港作为全球最富裕的城市之一，在最低工资保障方面，一直处于落后状态。实际上，参照全球最低工资状况，例如美欧等国家和地区，最低时薪都在80港元以上，澳洲更高达117港元，几乎是香港的三倍。至于「亚洲四小龙」的韩国、新加坡、台湾地区，尽管计算方式有所不同，但也无一例外高于香港。如果结合人均GDP的比率来计算，香港最低工资之「低」，可谓全世界之最。不仅是绝对数值低，连计算方式以及检讨时间也远远落后于其他地区。
最低工资具有象征意义，但对于香港而言，如今的最低工资既反映不了实际的劳工市场情况，也无法体现对最底层劳工的有效关心。首先，在劳工严重短缺的情况下，目前市场已很难用最低工资去请到人，最低工资绝大部分情况下有如一个摆设；其次，根据最新一份报告显示，当最低工资上调至每小时40元，受惠人数则为4.6万至8.7万人不等。这一统计数据看似矛盾，但实际上说明了最底层的劳工，尤其是外判制度下长者的就业等方面，仍然面临各种严重不公平情况。
显而易见，香港需要完善最低工资制度。首先，计算方式应当调整。在目前模式下，调整工资主要考虑4大范畴，其中包括「一系列指标」，最后由劳资双方「讨价还价」来得出结果。整个过程缺乏透明度，也有「流产」之虞，费时失事。有议员建议，应以物价指数、劳工市场状况及低薪行业雇员数据等，构成一个客观的方程式，合理计算出最低工资水平。当然，这个方程式的设计，需要取得各界共识。
其次，检讨时效应优化。目前「两年一检」的做法已经过时，既无法及时反映劳工市场的变化，也无助于整个经济发展，往往是在「追落后」。事实上，「一年一检」方式既有利于劳工一方，资方也同样能受益，可以避免因累积过高加幅而带来的压力。早前不同界别的立法会议员都表态支持相关做法，既然已经形成共识，政府无需顾虑太多，可以跨前一步。
设立最低工资的根本目的，在于保障基层劳工，缩减贫富差距。但香港自2011年实施该制度以来，坚尼系数不降反升，2016年统计高达0.539，五年后今天的情况可能更加恶劣。虽然造成贫富差距扩大的因素有多种，包括税收及福利政策等，但基层市民的生活未获明显改善，这是不争的事实。
新一届特区政府上任后积极有为，行政长官李家超首份施政报告也表明解决贫穷问题的决心，包括检讨最低工资制度，以及重组扶贫委员会等等。各界期待，有关部门能尽早落实相关政策，回应市民改善民生的迫切诉求，让最低工资发挥出应有的角色和作用，增加市民的幸福感和获得感，真正做到「切实排解民生忧难」。
Precisely adjusting Statutory Minimum Wage to address grassroots people's concerns and difficulties
Having been frozen for four years, the statutory minimum wage (SMW) now is finally to be adjusted. The Chief Executive-in-Council yesterday adopted a recommendation to raise the SMW rate from HK$37.50 to HK$40.00 per hour, an increase of 6.7 per cent. Subject to the approval of the Legislative Council (Legco), the revised SMW rate will come into force on May 1, the Labour Day, this year. The move to adjust the minimum wage surely is praiseworthy, but the revised SMW rate is still divorced from reality and unable to reflect the pressures Hong Kong's grassroots workers are faced with. Authorities concerned should proactively consider to introduce in an objective formula to accurately calculate a reasonable minimum wage rate through a review "once every year". This would be an effective move to show that the SAR Government takes positive actions to address people's concerns and difficulties in daily life.
Hong Kong, as one of the wealthiest cities in the world, always lags behind others when guaranteed minimum wage is concerned. In fact, looking around globally, in the United States and countries and regions in Europe, their minimum wage rates are all more than HK$80 per hour. In Australia, it is even as high as HK$117 per hour, almost three times that in Hong Kong. As for the other three of the "Four Asian Tigers" - South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, their minimum wages without exception are higher than Hong Kong's, different as their calculation methods may be. If the ratio of minimum wage rate over per capita GDP (gross domestic product) is factored in , Hong Kong's minimum wage rate could be said to remain at the world's "minimal level". Not only that the absolute value [of Hong Kong's minimum wage] is low, even the calculation method and the period between minimum wage reviews both fall far behind other places.
Minimum wage carries symbolic significance. Yet Hong Kong's minimum wage rate today neither reflects the real situation of the labour market nor shows the effective care for the bottom level workers. First of all, given the severe shortage of labour today, it is very difficult to hire employees with the offer of minimum wage, which therefore remains just like an ornament nine times out of ten . On the other hand, according to a latest survey, when the SMW goes up to HK$40, the number of people will be benefited is from 46,000 to 87,000. Such statistical data are seemingly contradictory, but actually reveal the reality that the bottom level workers especially elder employees under the outsourcing arrangement still face various kinds of injustice in employment.
Obviously, Hong Kong needs to improve its minimum wage regime. In the first place, the calculation method should be adjusted. At present, mainly four categories are taken into consideration for adjusting the SMW, including "a series of indicators" - among others. And eventually the outcome would be produced through "bargaining" between employees and employers. Transparency is lacking in the whole process, and there always is the possibility of "abortion". It is time consuming and cumbersome. Some legislator has suggested to work out an objective formula based on price index, the situation of the labour market and data about employees in low wage sectors, etc. to reasonably calculate the minimum wage level. Needless to say, a consensus among various sectors is required for the design of such a formula
Secondly, the timeliness of SMW reviews must be improved. The current practice of conducting a review "once every two years" is out of date , which is neither able to timely reflect changes in the labour market nor helpful for the overall economic development. Such practice is often just a struggle to "catch up". In fact, a review "once every year" is not only favourable to employees but also beneficial to employers, which could avoid the pressure brought about by an accumulated substantial wage increase. So far legislators from various sectors have expressed their support to such a change. Since a consensus is already formed, the government does not need to worry too much and could take a step forward.
The fundamental aim of setting up minimum wage is to protect grassroots workers by narrowing the wealth gap. However, since the SMW came into force in 2011, Hong Kong's Gini Coefficient has been going up instead of coming down. It reached 0.539 in 2016. Five years have passed and the situation today is probably even worse. Although there are various kinds of factors that result in the expansion of the wealth gap including taxation and welfare policies, etc., an indisputable fact is that daily life of grassroots citizens has not been improved noticeably.
The new-term government is more proactive and aspiring. Chief Executive John Lee Ka-chiu's virgin Policy Address also shows the determination to solve the poverty problem, including to conduct a review on the SMW regime and to revamp the Commission on Poverty (CoP). Various sectors are looking forward to it that authorities concerned could put relevant policies into practice as soon as possible in response to citizens' urgent appeal for improving their daily life, so as to let the SMW play its due role and heighten people's sense of happiness and sense of gain, and in this way to truly "address people's concerns and difficulties in daily life effectively".
网友评论